Main Issues with Privacy - 575 Words

Privacy is keeping personal information safe and it is also being aware of one’s surroundings at all times. Privacy is most essential to human dignity in all societies around the world and it always has been but because of the wide spread mis-use of information through the internet and social media today, it has become more and more difficult to control one’s privacy. Whether exposing information to those who are trusted or not there are those who will use information to do some very bad things. Giving up privacy to any extent will not keep us safe and is definitely not worth doing so. There are many issues with privacy today, not only with social media but with credit purchases and data given to banking and medical facilities as well. Another example is selling information, also known as â€Å"data dealing†, taken from random postings on blogs and in chat rooms that invade the internet today. In addition there are also many companies tracking and then selling wh atever one puts out there. Individuals must be careful about the URLs they use which can result in spam, malware and phishing attacks. One source found online examines the legal development in the United States and the European Union regarding cloud computing privacy laws. Cloud computing thereby permits dramatic flexibility in processing decisions – on a global basis. It has also significantly challenged established legal paradigms. This kind of distributed computing environment can quickly expand to handle a greaterShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Video 5 And Video 7 Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many similarities and differences within the health care system, specifically when it comes to Electronic Health Records (EHR) and its privacy. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, â€Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the k ey administrative clinical data relevant to that person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notesRead MoreThe Cloud : Going Beyond The Contractarian Paradigm1323 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy in the Cloud: Going Beyond the Contractarian Paradigm Masooda N. Bashir, Jay P. Kesan, Carol M Hayes and Robert Zielinski 1. Citation Bashir, M, Hayes, C, Kesan, J Zielinski, R 2011, â€Å"Privacy in the Cloud: Going Beyond the Contractarian Paradigm†, Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Governance of Technology, Information, and Policies, pp. 21-27, December 2011 2. Purpose of the Article The purpose of the article is to provide a brief summary of cloud computing, a relatively new conceptRead MoreThe Emergence And Evolution Of Social Media1565 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced technology, has raised a concern about privacy despite its convenience. There have been various researches into this issue, focusing on different aspects of the problem. However, in this report, only five studies will be discussed. These studies do not only present a brief overview of the issue, but also highlight new aspects. Each research is undertaken with a clear perspective and appropriate method, allowing readers to form a picture of the main idea. This report is going to review four keyRead MoreInformation Privacy1353 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Privacy Name of the student The privacy of personal information related to the data stored on the computer systems is termed as Information privacy. The information privacy is related to privacy of personal data that is collected by various organizations for personal use. The private information can be stored in medical records, political records, criminal records, financial data, data on website or any information related to the business related which needs to be protected and keepRead MoreThe Privacy Preserving Data Mining1046 Words   |  5 Pageswhole process is divided into the three main components the mediator, customer and a group of data service providers. Previously there is no interaction between the customer and the data provider. And when the client sends a query, the mediator forwards the information to all data holders and via exchange of the acknowledgements, the mediator generates the connection with the data providers[4]. There are various techniques suggested in the area of the Privacy Preserving Data Mining but one exceedRead MoreEssay on Biometrics Ethical and Privacy Issues1012 Words   |  5 PagesBiometrics Ethical and Privacy Issues 9/9/12 Abstract Biometrics technology aims at utilizing major and distinctive characteristics such as behavioral or biological, for the sake of positively indentifying people. With the help of a combination of hardware and specific identifying sets of rules, a basic human attribute, automated biometric recognition mimics to distinguish and categorize other people as individual and unique. But the challenges surrounding biometrics are great as wellRead MoreFederal Trade Commission640 Words   |  3 Pageslegitimate business activity. The FTC deals with issues that do with the touchline of pretty much every American in the USA. These guys from the Federal Trade commission do an awesome job of saving and protecting the rights of american consumers, whether it was a purchase of production made by someone like for example milk, or it is a service of some action that is provided in exchange for money , an example of this would be barbershop services. One of the main objectives for the federal trade com missionRead MoreThe Cloud Of Cloud Computing Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesor server ranches which can be gotten to from wherever on the planet (Rainer and Cegielski, 2013). Privacy Issues Generally, privacy can be defined as the rights to be free of unreasonable personal intrusion. In a technological term, (Rainer and Cegielski, 2013) defined privacy as the privilege to decide when, and to what degree, data about you can be assembled and shared with others. Privacy is a key human right, this is cherished in the United Nations declaration of Human Rights which givesRead MoreCloud Computing Is Moving Into The Mainstream.Moving To1467 Words   |  6 Pageshybrid. All four cloud arrangements have pros and cons, and they need to be weighed before a decision is made. Two main challenges of clouds are security and privacy. These two main issues must be addressed prior to choosing a cloud service. As a consumer, you make the choice for how stringent your security and privacy are to your stakeholders. Cloud Challenges: Security and Privacy According to Prasad, Gyani and Murti (2012), â€Å"Cloud computing can be defined as a new style of computing in whichRead MoreCashless Society930 Words   |  4 Pagescashless society such as privacy issues and losing the liberty of cash. A cashless society could only be implemented by the government since the government is the organization that prints and controls the supply of cash in society. With the implementation of a cash free society the major government agencies, such as, the IRS, FBI, and CIA would be in total control. The main issue of having a cashless society is whether the benefits would outweigh disadvantages. The main disadvantages of a cashless

Lottery Management Racetracks And Racinos - 1546 Words

Collin Francoeur 1/14/15 Casino Management Racetracks and Racinos Racetracks and Racinos When you talk of horse racing most people can only name a couple of races, if any at all. The Kentucky Derby, The Belmont Stakes, and The Preakness, the Triple Crown, are usually the only ones that come to the mind of most people. They couldn’t tell you where these races are held or in many cases what state they are held in, obviously the Kentucky Derby is an exception. When you ask people about casinos, they can rattle off 10 venues in the blink of an eye. This just goes to show the lack of popularity and, most importantly to the venues, the lack of profitability of pure racetracks in this day and age. There are three main sports in which betting†¦show more content†¦During the revolution the popularity of the sport died down as many of the aristocratic society had more pressing issues. It was the same fortune for the sport leading up to the civil war where popularity declined when the war started. Horseracing has long been associated with wealth, and sophisti cation in the United States and countries everywhere. Horseracing as well as greyhound racing again became very popular during the time leading up to and during the â€Å"roaring twenties† then as expected betting died down during the depression (Riess). During the past couple decades, horse and dog tracks have been losing popularity with the common American population. Tracks as well as stables, which once bred championship horses, are closing down all over the country. â€Å"In 1984 Major League Baseball passed thoroughbred racing as the leading spectator sport†(Riess) and since then horseracing has been on a downward spiral, similar to the once popular sport of boxing. Racetracks today have a very difficult time staying afloat without other forms of income like slot machines and other games. Racing’s latest resurgence was on the heels of Seabiscuit around 2003 when bets at the Kentucky derby hit an all time high of 15.9 billion dollars in bets (Krantz). Hor seracing is such a big part of the history of this country it would be a shame to lose it. Since 2003 the total racing purses have

Managing Strategic Resources and Operations-Samples for Students

Question: Identify and analyse the Electricity Grid Operations, its value Chain and Integration between Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics and the end user Customer. Answer: Overview of Electricity Electric power is generated at the power plants and is taken through the grid which is a sophisticated system to manage the electricity for a state. Usually, the network constitutes the substations, the transformers and the electric power lines that link the consumers with their respective electricity producers. The grid helps in ensuring reliability because it enhances a proper planning and coordination of the power supply in the nation. Therefore, the grid is a complex interconnection of the electric lines for commercial purposes which help in efficient management of the electricity to the final customers. The national grid gives a platform for the standards in the country's energy generation and distribution. The primary standards include ensuring the provision of the reliable power supply that is consistent and flexible. Besides, the grid ensures that the power supplied has incorporated the appropriate safety strategies to minimize the harm to the customer due to increases accuracy in the system (Birbil, Bayindir and Frenk, 2007). The state electricity grid covers three primary standards in the system. Firstly, it specifies the quality of energy that is used in the nation. It determines the type of power quality whether gas quality or electricity at all stages from the production to the end customers. Secondly, the standards define the structures that are used in the distribution grid. This covers a definition of the materials, the components, and items that are to be utilized in the network such as the electrical lines, towers or the gas pipes. Besides, provision of the quality reliable electricity to the customers, the grid standards also enhances interoperability with other networks such as the residential, commercial and the industrial networks. Day to Day Operations of the National Electricity Grid The state electricity grid works in a way to ensure that there is the power supply in the country all time for 24 hours a day for 365 days. The nation has put strategies that ensure a balance in demand and supply of the electricity all the time. Electricity is generated at the power plants distributed at various points in the country. The power is carried over to the customers using the transmission and the distribution lines. During transportation, the electricity is carried at a high voltage because it is economical and minimizes wastage when transported over a long distance. However, the electricity use by customers is at a lower voltage for safety (Montgomery, 2012). Therefore, the carrying of electricity from the power generation plants to the customers has varying voltage levels which are achieved using both the step up and step down transformers. Usually, the national grid is maintained by the State balancing authority. This is a body that has the responsibility of ensuring that the supply of electricity matches with the market demand. This organization is critical since it provides the reliability and safety of electric power. The authority provides a smooth running of the company operations by controlling smooth operating conditions which are necessary for offering the services to the customer. The balance maintained by the authority and helps reduce interruptions to the customers through reducing blackouts and enhancing reliability. Linkages in Management of Operations and Resources at the Grid The state electricity grid integrates a link between the main businesses process that systematically flow from the power generation, transmission and distribution of sales to customers at various places. The main aim of the state electric supply chain is to balance the client's demand for electricity and its respective supply and at the same maintaining the quality in the system. It targets reducing congestion, increasing reliability and ensuring safety in the system. The state electricity supply system has its supply chain operations that try to achieve these objectives in its business (Lambert, 2008). The supply chain management of national grid system depicts a range of differences in logistics, supply, and marketing as compared to the traditional supply chain management. Firstly, in the state grid supply system, their regional segmentation. The customers are divided into various segments and are served by the closest supply station. This is economical and reduces transportation cost and losses. Secondly, electricity a good is homogeneous, but its sources can be different. Many energy sources can be converted into electricity such the hydropower, wind power and thermal power. Thirdly, power is perishable, and it is difficult to be stored for a long time, and thus, a balance in demand and supply is critical. Also, the there is little competition in this chain. There is a limited monopoly, and there are many barriers that restrict other players joining the grid (Lambert, 2008). The supply chain logistics of a state electricity grid system covers the plant selection activities, the network planning which is similar to distribution channel planning in the traditional chain (Cameron, 2014). The logistics of the state grid also achieves forecasting of the information management through load management. The chain is also characterized by the physical distribution of electricity as its primary good through the grid dispatching system. Also, the grid has a system of capacity planning for effectiveness to manage. Besides, the national grid supply chain performs the logistics postponement through network blocking. This gives it a control on the flow of the goods to rich the customers (Vector Consulting Group, 2015). Also, the chain attains the network restructuring of the traditional system through a mechanism of that restructures the grid. The supply in the link in the operation of the chain for the state electric system entails the supply selection through the fuel choice, the demand planning which is achieved through the power forecasting and the power supplier assessment through the source of energy structure assessment. Also, the link achieves vertical integration in the chain through the deregulation activities. Regarding marketing in state electricity supply chain, there is a billing system which is equivalent to the pricing depending on the amount of power consumed. Marketing in this also has electricity customer management which is in charge of the efficient customer service. Besides, the organization offers after sales service through an efficient revenue management (Dan Nada, 2007). Therefore, the national electric grid has its supply chain management in place. The inbound logistics are laid to ensure continuity of the business through consistency in supply. This is an essential aspect in the process of satisfying the customer needs in this business system. The grid system also has their outbound logistics in place. This is also a critical aspect for the smooth running of the business. Marketing is key at this level and helps in attaining a balance between the demand and supply (Evans William, 2008). The balance is also an essential aspect of ensuring that there are no shortages to some customers and also in minimizing where there is excess production. Thus, the operations of the state electricity supply chain system manage it's smooth running through a balance in the operations, the inbound logistics, and the outbound logistics. Sustainability in the State Grid Business Sustainability is an essential aspect of every business organization. Usually, business sustainability entails various activities that define the process through which the company manages financials in the firm, social aspects and environmental responsibilities, the opportunities and the risks. The three aspects are important for businesses and are usually contained with the aspects of people, profits, and the planet. Sustainability helps businesses to achieve continuity in its operations thus, a very critical aspect for every organization. Also, it also increases the profitability of the business organization which in turn helps in its growth. State electricity supply system has integrated these sustainability aspects not only in profit making but also in people and the planet (Nigel, Stuart Robert, 2007). As a strategy to integrate sustainability in the grid business operations, the states have taken a range of strategies into the business. Firstly, the nations have set sustainability standards for the power suppliers to the grid system (Chase, Jacobs Aquilano, 2007). These standards include a consideration of the pollution level caused by the type of electricity generation method that the supplier uses or the material that produces the electricity. This has been an effective way of achieving and maintaining sustainability in this business. Thus, this has acted as an incorporation of the sustainability standards into the states grid system (Wieland Wallenburg, 2013). Also, the state electricity grid system considers adoption of the latest sustainable technologies. Nowadays, technology has been a key helper of business enterprises to overcome critical challenges. Cutting edge technology is helping down reduce the operating costs of the business and also increase the customers level of satisfaction. Also, the state employs innovation as a way to improve its operations (Miller, Fern Cardinal, 2007). Thus, this has helped the state to deliver better services and thus, increase the sustainability of this business model. The management of the state electricity grid systems also faces various sustainability challenges in their operation. For example, achieving a zeropollution process is difficult and almost impossible. Thus, the managing pollution is only minimized but cannot be eliminated. Also, as a good practice for the organization to give control to the customers, the state faces challenges to implement this in the operations (Schragenheim, Dettmer Patterson, 2009). Thus, the strategies employed above can only increase the sustainability and reduce the associated challenges but cannot completely curb these challenges. Conclusion In conclusion, efficient operation management is a critical aspect of the state electricity grid system. The management of the network aims at providing reliable, consistent electric systems which are safe for use both at domestic level and at the industrial level. The supply chain of the state electricity grid system is similar to the traditional supply management and has a similar target of achieving efficiency timely, quality power at a reduced cost. Also, administration of the grid considers sustainability for effective business operations. References Birbil, S., Bayindir, Z. Frenk, J. (2007). A deterministic inventory/ production model with general inventory cost rate function and piecewise linear concave production costs. European Journal of Operational Research, pp. 114-123 Cameron, B. (2014). Management. Strategic Leadership Review, pp. 22-27. Chase, R. Jacobs, F. Aquilano, N. (2007). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, (11th Ed.), McGraw-Hill. Cong RG, Wei YM. The potential impact of (CET) carbon emissions trading on China's power sector: A perspective from different allowance allocation options. Energy 2010; 35(9): 3921-3931. Dan, R. Nada, S. (2007). Operation Management, an Integrated Approach, (3rd Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc El-Fouly THM, Zeineldin HH, EI-Saadany EF, Salama MMA. Impact of wind generation of control strategies, penetration level and installation location on electricity market prices. Renew. Power Gene 2008; 2(3): 162-169. Evans, J. William, M. (2008). Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence, (7th ed.), Mason, OH: Thomson-Southwestern College Pub, ISBN 0324382278 Lambert D. (2008). Supply Chain Management: Processes, Partnerships, Performance, (3rd Ed.). Supply Chain Management Institute Miller, D., Fern J. Cardinal L. (2007). The Use of Knowledge for a Technological Innovation within Diversified Firms. Academy of Management Journal, pp. 308-326 Montgomery, D. (2012). Statistical Quality Control: A Modern Introduction, (7th Ed.). Nigel, S., Stuart, C. Robert, J., (2007). Operations management, Pearson Education, ISBN 978 0 273-70847-6. Schragenheim, E., Dettmer, H. Patterson, J. (2009). Supply chain management at a warp speed: integrating the system from end to end. [Boca Raton, FL]:CRC Press. pp.220.ISBN1-42007-335-334. Vector Consulting Group (2015).Apparent in Hindsight. TV 18 Broadcast Limited, ISBN978-9384061340. Wieland, A. Wallenburg, C. (2013). The influence of relational competencies on the supply chain resilience: a relational view. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 300-320.

Science a boon or bane free essay sample

Science may be called a mixed blessing. It has made our life peaceful and comfortable. But it has also filled it with fears and tears. The invention of the wheel, electricity and wonder drug, penicillin has revolutionized human life. Now our life has become safer, easier and more comfortable than that of our ancestors. But now we have conquered time and space and have tamed all the forces of nature. We have, in fact, risen from the lowest position of cavemen to the highest position of spacemen. Every coin has two faces. The same science which has been of such great assistance to mankind has another face. There is a drastic change in the lives we are leading today and that we had 10 years ago. Science has changed the face of the world with great advancements being made in every field. Science which has bestowed us with development, progress, expansion and growth has also brandished us with hostilities, destruction, violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Science: a boon or bane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Science has not only bettered human life but also has posed it into greater risks and challenges. Fears of accident have risen. Environment has been badly polluted with new diseases ever emerging. Computers have replaced manual jobs, leaving millions of workers jobless, With new facilities and services, man has obtained comfort but satisfaction. He is growing lazy and lavish. He has become a slave of technologies. Science has also boosted the brutal aspect of a man. Production of new warfare technology has posed the danger of more devastating wars. The whole world can be destroyed in a few seconds.

Alexander the Great and the Battle of Chaeronea

Alexander the Great and the Battle of Chaeronea Conflict Date: The Battle of Chaeronea is believed to have been fought around August 2, 338 BC during King Philip IIs wars with the Greeks. Armies Commanders: Macedon King Philip IIAlexander the Greatapprox. 32,000 men Greeks Chares of AthensLysicles of AthensTheagenes of Boeotiaapprox. 35,000 men Battle of Chaeronea Overview: Following unsuccessful sieges of Perinthus and Byzantium in 340 and 339 BC, King Philip II of Macedon found his influence over the Greek city-states waning. In an effort to reassert Macedonian supremacy, he marched south in 338 BC with the goal of bringing them to heel. Forming his army, Philip was joined by allied contingents from Aetolia, Thessaly, Epirus, Epicnemidian Locrian, and Northern Phocis. Advancing, his troops easily secured the town of Elateia which controlled the mountain passes to the south. With the Elateias fall, messengers alerted Athens to the approaching threat. Raising their army, the citizens of Athens dispatched Demosthenes to seek assistance from the Boeotians at Thebes. Despite past hostilities and ill-will between the two cities, Demosthenes was able to convince the Boeotians that the danger posed by Philip was a threat to all of Greece. Though Philip also sought to woo the Boeotians, they elected to join with the Athenians. Combining their forces, they assumed a position near Chaeronea in Boeotia. Forming for battle, the Athenians occupied the left, while the Thebans were on the right. Cavalry guarded each flank. Approaching the enemy position on August 2, Philip deployed his army with its phalanx infantry in the center and cavalry on each wing. While he personally led the right, he gave command of the left to his young son Alexander, who was aided by some of the best Macedonian generals. Advancing to contact that morning, the Greek forces, led by Chares of Athens and Theagenes of Boeotia, offered stiff resistance and the battle became deadlocked. As casualties began to mount, Philip sought to gain an advantage. Knowing that the Athenians were relatively untrained, he began withdrawing his wing of the army. Believing a victory was at hand, the Athenians followed, separating themselves from their allies. Halting, Philip returned to the attack and his veteran troops were able to drive the Athenians from the field. Advancing, his men joined Alexander in attacking the Thebans. Badly outnumbered, the Thebans offered a stiff defense which was anchored by their elite 300-man Sacred Band. Most sources state that Alexander was the first to break into the enemys lines at the head of a courageous band of men. Cutting down the Thebans, his troops played a key role in shattering the enemy line. Overwhelmed, the remaining Thebans were forced to flee the field. Aftermath: As with most battles in this period casualties for Chaeronea are not known with certainty. Sources indicate that Macedonian losses were high, and that over 1,000 Athenians were killed with another 2,000 captured. The Sacred Band lost 254 killed, while the remaining 46 were wounded and captured. While the defeat badly damaged Athens forces, it effectively destroyed the Theban army. Impressed with the Sacred Bands courage, Philip allowed the statue of a lion to be erected on the site to commemorate their sacrifice. With victory secured, Philip dispatched Alexander to Athens to negotiate a peace. In return for terminating hostilities and sparing the cities that had fought against him, Philip demanded pledges of allegiance as well as money and men for his planned invasion of Persia. Essentially defenseless and stunned by Philips generosity, Athens and the other city-states quickly agreed to his terms. The victory at Chaeronea effectively reestablished Macedonian hegemony over Greece and led to the formation of the League of Corinth. Selected Sources Diodorus of Sicily: Battle of ChaeroneaAncient History Sourcebook: Battle of Chaeronea

Sir Winston Churchill essays

Sir Winston Churchill essays Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer, British politician and prime minister of the united kingdom, widely regarded as the greatest British leader of the 20th century. Churchill is celebrated for his leadership during WW2 . His courage, decisiveness, political experience, and vitality gave him what it took to lead his country through one of the most desperate struggles of British history. Winstons public life extended from the reign of queen Victoria to the cold war. During his long political career , Churchill held every office possible except for foreign minister .Churchill was also known for the many books he published about British politics and history. his command for the English language not only made him a great orator but also earned him a noble prize for literature in 1953. Winston Churchill was born at Blenheim palace, which was his familys ancestral seat in Oxfordshire , on November 30, 1874. He was the oldest son of his father, Lord Henry Randolf Henry Spencer Churchill, who was a British statesman who became a leader of the house of commons. Because of his familys status Churchill attended school at Harrow school, where he studied the classics. In school he was known for his good memory, but also his stubbornness .Since he was a chile Churchill was fascinated with soldiers and warfare, he often played with a set of lead soldiers in his family nursery, and after harrow he graduated from the royal military college with honors. Early in 1895 his father died, Churchill who was only 20 years old was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th queens own hussars, a regiment of the British army . Churchills first military assignment was to go to Cuba for a British newspaper to follow a rebellion. On his 21st birthday he was in the Cuban jungle and came under fire for the first time, escaping without injury. Churchill continued to serve in th ...

Supply Chain Management and Aggregate Planning Essay

Supply Chain Management and Aggregate Planning - Essay Example The supply chain idea basically changes the nature of organizations; control is no longer based on straight ownership and control, but rather based on incorporation across interfaces among functions and companies. This has penalty for the dimension of performance. Traditional dimension approaches may have to be eliminated and a supply chain measurement system developed. Traditional performance actions may limit the potential to optimize supply chains as management does not "see" supply chain wide areas for development. This note raises issues dangerous to measuring supply chain performance. A new dimension approach ought to lead the way for supply chain competitiveness and ought to direct management attention to areas for supply chain optimisation. A beginning structure for measuring immeasurable performance is developed. "One can frequently divide the work a program does into theoretically separate tasks: each encapsulates a control flow and the whole task accesses some common, shared state. High-performance program frequently written with preventative task management wherein implementation of task can intersperse on uniprocessors or over lap on multi processors. The conflicting approach, serial task Management, run each tasks to attainment before starting the next task. Its advantage is that there is no divergence of access of the shared state, one can define inter-task invariant on the shared state and be assured that as the one task is running no other variants can infringe the invariant. The strategy is unsuitable however when one wishes to exploit multiprocessors parallelism, or when slow task have to not defer afterward task for a long time." (Adya, Howell, Theimer, Bolosky, Douceur, 2000) Aggregate planning: Once the strategic choice has been made operation manger move to the planned operations decisions. No doubt, aggregate planning deals with planning the in general production activities and the operating resources required to do them. The arrogate plan provides a big picture to operation manager of the sales insist forecast and capacity plan, aggregate plan establishes account levels and manufacturing rates Conclusion To sum up this discussion we may say that the supply chain concept basically changes the nature of organizations; control is no longer based on direct possession and control, but rather based on incorporation across interfaces connecting functions and companies. Traditional performance events may limit the potential to optimize supply chains as management does not "see" supply chain wide areas for development. A new dimension approach should lead the way for supply chain competitiveness and ought to direct management notice to areas for supply chain optimization. A introduction scaffold for measuring vast performance is developed. Work Cited Arntzen, B., G. Brown, T. P. Harrison and L. Trafton, "Global Supply-Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation," Interfaces 25, January 1995, 69-93. Breitman, R.L. and J.M. Lucas, "PLANETS: A Modelling System for Business Planning," Interfaces 17, January-February 1987, 94-106. Chapman, Paul T., "Achieving Operations Excellence Through Better Operations Planning," IIE Solutions, August 1996. 1-7 Chen,